You stop losing heat straight through the roof, your furnace runs less, and the upstairs finally matches the downstairs temperature. The actual work usually takes just one or two days, with a crew blowing in cellulose or laying batts while you stay out of the way. Late fall or early winter is often the best time to book contractors before their spring rush hits, and you might even catch end-of-year seasonal discounts.
Get at least three quotes from local insulation contractors before you commit to anyone. Prices vary wildly for the exact same square footage, and having multiple estimates gives you leverage to negotiate the final price down.
That 0% intro period is a hard deadline, not free money. If you still carry a balance when the 15 months run out, interest will be charged on the original amount from day one, wiping out your savings.